striations get closer together ), vocal fold fohas H e a l t h M e d i c a l

Please see attached.Must be a speech pathologist major and be familiar with speech and hearing science..

• Complex periodic signals will have _______________________ spectra. Complex aperiodic signals will have _________________________ spectra.
• The Intensity Level (IL) of a sound having a value of 1 x 10^-15 W/cm²is ____ dB relative to the standard reference power. The standard reference power for dB IL is __________________________.
• A sound reaching a sound level meter is 0.0001 dynes/cm². The Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of this signal is _________________________. The standard reference pressure for dB SPL is ________________________.
• Two 50 dB IL pure tones are presented at 100 Hz and 4000 Hz, respectively. Which tone will the listener perceive as louder? ( 100 Hz Tone, 4000 Hz Tone, Neither Tone)
• Two pure tones are separated by 100 Hz. The perceived difference in pitch would be greater ( ABOVE / BELOW)1000 Hz.
• The unit of relative loudness is the _____________________.
• The unit of pitch is the ____________________.
• The international unit of frequency is _____________________.
• The unit of relative intensity is _____________________.
• The spacing of F1 and F2 is greatest for which American English vowel? _____ Why? ___________________________________________________________
• What reference pressure would be required for a 0 dB sound to represent “true” silence? __________________________
• If a speaker produces the diphthong /ɔɪ/at a constant fundamental frequency of 250 Hz. Which of the following has/have changed during the production? (VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION / GLOTTAL SOURCE / BOTH GLOTTAL SOURCE AND VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION / NEITHER GLOTTAL SOURCE OR VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION).
• If a speaker produces the vowel /ɔ/ two times at f_olevels of 100 Hz and 200 Hz, which of the following has changed between the two productions? (VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION / GLOTTAL SOURCE / BOTH GLOTTAL SOURCE AND VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION / NEITHER GLOTTAL SOURCE OR VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION).
• If a speaker produces the vowels /u/ at 250 Hz and /a/ at 225 Hz, which of the following has changed between productions? (VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION / GLOTTAL SOURCE / BOTH GLOTTAL SOURCE AND VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION / NEITHER GLOTTAL SOURCE OR VOCAL TRACT TRANSFER FUNCTION).
• A spectrogram displays ____________________ on the ordinate (Y-axis); ____________________ on the abscissa (X-axis), and ____________________ by the relative darkness of the markings. The preferred standard frequency range selected for most speech analyses is between _______ and ________ Hz.
• A power spectrum is a spectrographic display of ____________________ and ______________________ at some point in time.
• A narrow band analysis provides improved __________________ resolution while a wide band analysis provides better __________________ resolution.
• Formant frequencies will be evident on a _____________________ spectrogram. Harmonics will be revealed on a __________________________ spectrogram.
• Voiced sounds will have vertical striations on a ______________________ spectrogram. These striations represent _________________________________________. If the spacing of vertical striations decreases (that is, the striations get closer together), vocal fold f_ohas (INCREASED, DECREASED, REMAINED RELATIVELY CONSTANT). If the spacing of vertical striations increases (that is, the striations get father apart), f_ohas (INCREASED, DECREASED, REMAINED RELATIVELY CONSTANT)revealing that vocal fold stiffness has ____________________ and vocal fold mass has ____________________.
• Voice Onset Time (VOT) measurements are made on a _________________________ spectrogram. Briefly define VOT.
• Voiced stops have (LONGER / SHORTER)VOTs than voiceless stops.
• Describe how you would identify the following from a spectrogram (be sure to identify thetype of spectrographic displayyou would need to examine).
• Two acoustic features of vocal roughness which can be observed on a spectrogram are ____________________ and ____________________.
• Two acoustic measures that are believed to reflect the short-term stabilityof vocal fold vibration are: ______________________ and ___________________________.
• An acoustic measure/analysis that can provide a reliable measure of the stability of vocal fold vibration even in voices characterized by severe hoarsenessis ___________________________.
• During the closed phase of (VOICED / UNVOICED)stops you often see evidence of vocal fold vibration at the bottom of the spectrogram. This is known as a(n) ___________________________.
• Voiced sounds will have vertical striations on a spectrogram. The dark vertical striation reflects the (CLOSED / OPEN)phase of vocal fold vibration and the white portion in between the vertical striations represents the (CLOSED / OPEN)phase of vocal fold vibration.

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Such a change would be seen best on a(WIDE BAND / NARROW BAND) spectrogram.

Identify the type of spectra that will result for:

The phoneme /m/ _____________________________

The phoneme /s/ _____________________________

The phoneme /z/ _____________________________

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• Evidence of an unstable supra-laryngeal vocal tract during a sustained phonation task ________________________________________________________
• Evidence of unstable vocal fold vibration during sustained vowel production
• Evidence of inter-harmonic energy during sustained vowel production.

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PART I. Complete the following statements. (fill in the blanks or circle the appropriate

response in parentheses) (80 points)

• The frequencies at which the vocal tract “filter” permits maximum energy transfer are called _____________________________. They will appear on a wide band spectrogram as ____________________________.
• A sinusoidal waveform, like any simple harmonic motion, can be completely specified if three parameters are known: _________________________, _________________________, and _________________________.
• An amplitude waveform displays _______________________ as a function of _________________________. An amplitude spectrum displays _________________________ as a function of ________________________.

PART 2 IS ATTACHED ALONG WITH POWERPOINTS