intergenerational conflicts may emerge within immigrant families H u m a n i t i e s

After reading chapters 12 & 13, please post at least 250 words in the discussion board on one of the following topics:

1. Using the information provided in the textbook, discuss the Hispanic cultural values that are important for a therapist to know to provide appropriate interventions.
2. Discuss the impact of societal oppression, the role of family and community, and cultural values on substance abuse with African-Americans.
3. Describe the general history of substance abuse prevention efforts and the usefulness of past models.

Same book

Reply to Camila 70 words

1.Using the information provided in the textbook, discuss the Hispanic cultural values that are important for a therapist to know to provide appropriate interventions

The Hispanic values that are important for the therapist to know Include family values, socio-economic status, and the indirect effects of socio-economic status. Discord and family disruption have been identified as an antecedent of disordered substance use among Hispanic adolescents and young adults. To gain insight into the Hispanic individual investigation of the family is paramount because the family is the basis of Hispanic cultures. Often divided by generation the immigrant status tends to guide the adherents the values and mores of 1’s culture of origin. The difference between the cultural orientation of the family and the cultural identity of the child may cause intergenerational conflicts. Immigrant families tend to develop a family struggle in which younger members struggle for autonomy and the older family members struggle for connectedness.

The acculturation process can produce tremendous amounts of stress for the individual and place dramatic strains on the family system. Hispanics tend to underuse mental health services and terminate prematurely when they do access such services. The Hispanic family provides support identity and security for its members. The strong sense of obligation ensures that the family’s needs as a unit per supersede individual needs.

The Hispanic nuclear family is embedded in the extended family consists of aunts uncles grandparents cousins godparents and lifelong friends. During times of crisis the family is the first resource for advice before help is sought from others. The downside however is that the extended family system can serve as a stressor due to the emotional involvement and obligations with a large number of family and friends. This strong tie highlights the importance of enlisting the family in therapy. The cultural value of personalism defines an individual self-worth and dignity from inner qualities that gives so respect. The Hispanic culture values the uniqueness of inner qualities that constitute personal dignity. A therapist who conveys personalism develops trust and obligation with Hispanic client. Traditionally males are expected to be strong and dominant providers were females are more neutron self-sacrificing and submissive to males. Spiritual values and the importance of religion can be a strong influence on the behavior of Hispanics. Spiritualism assumes an invisible world of good and evil spirits who influence behavior.

Children from poor families tend to go to lower quality lower achieving schools and are a greater risk for school failure another significant predictor of substance disorders. Living in poverty is stressful and it can lead to increased family conflict a commonly recognized risk factor for substance use disorders. Parents often have to work long hours that can decrease the amount of involvement quality time and supervision available for their children. Studies have shown a positive Association between neighborhood disorder an both adolescent and adult substance use disorders. Neighborhood disorder is understood as either physical or social.

Reply to Yicel 70 words

African Americans make up roughly 15% of the total population in the United States, and though this is a big number, they are still subjected to various kinds of discrimination and prejudice. Society itself has repeatedly oppressed African Americans, and the education system gives proof of that. Many teachers are still not sensitive to cultural differences, and the curriculum followed in schools may not be exactly meaningful to the history and experiences of children belonging to the minority groups. All of these things affect them, and these can cause them to use illegal substances. African American youth are suggested to be exposed to substance use problems earlier than others, and this increases their risk of being entered into the criminal justice system than being treated for substance use. They are also said to face problems such as stereotypes, unequal opportunities in employment and housing, living in environments that cause high levels of stress, and a lot more. These all affect their development even those who are able to rise above the stereotypes or do well for themselves may end up feeling guilty and may feel isolated from others.

Despite problems faced in society, African Americans are known to have strong family and community bonds that help them to face or overcome the oppression in society. They are more group-centered and sensitive with their interpersonal problems, and they uphold cooperation within the community, which is the opposite among the white middle-class. They are also deeply rooted with their church communities, which may be a barrier to treatments for substance abuse. This is because of the long history of racial oppression in the society towards African Americans. Because of this mistrust, they do not ask for more help from counselors because they think that the counselors do not fully understand what they are going through or are insensitive to their needs.

Reply to Gema 70 words

Family is one of the most important concepts of the Hispanic culture. Intergenerational conflicts may emerge within immigrant families because of the differences between the cultural orientation of the family and the cultural identity of the children. Immigrant families may also find themselves struggling between new members of the family fighting for autonomy and old members of the family fighting for connectedness.

The acculturation process is another important subject when it comes to Hispanic cultures. It causes a great amount of stress for individuals who now have to adjust to a new culture a new system. Many individuals belonging to this culture are quick to terminate mental health services because of the ineffective and inappropriate counseling approaches to the values held by this group.

Children belonging to this culture are expected to be obedient and are not taken into consideration when it comes to family decisions. Besides, adolescents are also expected to take responsibility and care for younger siblings when they reach a certain age. Hispanic families are extended and while they seek help from each other’s during times of crisis it can also create emotional stress on its members because of the obligations with a large number of family and friends.

The uniqueness of inner qualities is another value Hispanic culture holds. Gender roles and a hierarchy of leadership and authority is also another important value for them. Religion plays an essential role within this culture, Catholicism being the primary religion for this group.

Preventions and interventions when treating patients from Hispanic culture need to be sensitive and focusing on the level of acculturation, availability of natural support systems, and environmental conditions. Therapists working with this population should incorporate some of the most important concepts for this culture, such as trust, dignity, respect, and the belief that human beings are at the mercy of supernatural forces.