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As economic developments occur, the federal government needs to protect the fragile environment.

Northern Region

Western Region

The federal government does not return a fair share of the tax money that we give to them.

Atlantic Region

Central Region

When the cod fishery collapsed the federal government was slow to support the fishers.

Western Region

Atlantic Region

It is still difficult to receive services in French in some parts of Canada.

Quebec Region

Northern Region

The federal government froze the domestic price of oil and gas then put a tax on petroleum.

Western Region

Central Region

The federal government has not done enough to attract industry to this area.

Atlantic Region

Quebec Region

The region gets more equalization payments than any other region.

Atlantic Region

Central Region

Ottawa has not done enough to protect the salmon stocks.

Quebec Region

Western Region

Regional disparity

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Equalization payments

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Rowell-Sirois Commission

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Western alienation

A federal government program to give money to poorer provinces to ensure a standard of government services that are equal across the country.

The economic gap between richer and poorer provinces in Canada since the Second World War. Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia have normally been part of the former group and the Maritime provinces have been included in the latter.

A royal commission established by Prime Minister King in 1937 to examine federal-provincial relations. The commission recommended that the federal government be given more power over taxation and, in turn, give equalization payments to the provinces to make sure that Canadians in all parts of the country would receive reasonably equal services.

Since joining Confederation, the western provinces of Canada have complained that they have been unfairly treated by the federal government. A famous example was the National Energy Program of the 1970s, which was strongly opposed by Alberta.

Pierre Laporte

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James Cross

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Quiet Revolution

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Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

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October Crisis, 1970

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Official Languages Act

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Maurice Duplessis

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Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ)

The FLQ kidnapped a British Trade Commissioner in Montreal, and demanded the release of jailed FLQ members.  Several weeks later, the kidnappers of Cross were discovered. He was released in exchange for the kidnappers being given safe passage to Cuba.

Founded the Union Nationale Party in Quebec in the mid 1930s. In 1936, this pro-business, “small-c” conservative nationalist party won the election and he became premier. He was defeated in 1939, but regained office in 1944 and served as premier until his death in 1959.

A radical separatist organization of the 1960s and early 1970s which was responsible for the October Crisis of 1970.

Quebec Labour Minister who was kidnapped by the FLQ.  He was called the “Minister of Unemployment and Assimilation” by the FLQ. He was later killed by the FLQ cell that had kidnapped him.

On October 5, 1970, members of the FLQ kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross in Montreal, and demanded the release of jailed FLQ members. The demand was refused, and on October 10 the Quebec Labour Minister, Pierre Laporte, was also kidnapped. Prime Minister, Pierre Trudeau then invoked the War Measures’ Act on the basis of apprehended insurrection. Under the first peacetime use of the Act, several hundred Quebecers were arrested and jailed without any charge being laid. On October 16, the Canadian Army was ordered to patrol the streets of Montreal and Ottawa, and on the 17th, Pierre Laporte’s body was discovered. Several weeks later, the kidnappers of Cross were discovered. He was released in exchange for the kidnappers being given safe passage to Cuba. Most people who had been arrested under the War Measures’ Act were released.

Passed by the Trudeau government in 1969 to enact one of the major recommendations of the Bilingual and Bicultural Commission. The Act made Canada an officially bilingual country. It required the federal government to provide services in both languages across Canada in all federal institutions.

In the early 1960s, this was promoted by the newly elected Liberal Government of Quebec, led by Premier Jean Lasage. It sought to modernize Quebec, partially by lessening the power of the Roman Catholic Church. The government established control over education and social services and also promoted more Francophone control over the Anglophone-dominated economy. The provincial government also pushed for special status for Quebec within Confederation.

Established in 1963 by Prime Minister Lester Pearson, it recommended that federal government services across the country should be available in French and English. It also said that the federal civil service should be open equally to English and French speakers and that French as a second language be promoted in English speaking parts of Canada.